Weight-cycle: Losing and gaining weight over and over again. Commonly called yo-yo dieting. Very-low calorie diet: A person following a VLCD eats or drinks a commercially prepared formula that has 800 calories or less instead of eating food. Lipoprotein Compounds of protein that carry fats and fat-like substances such as cholesterol in the blood. Obesity Refers specifically to having an abnormally high proportion of body fat.[1] A person can be overweight without being obese as in the example of a bodybuilder or other athlete who has a lot of muscle. However many people who are overweight are also obese. Gestational diabetes A type of diabetes mellitus that can occur when a woman is pregnant. Diabetes Mellitus A disease that occurs when the body is not able to use blood glucose sugar. Blood sugar levels are controlled by insulin a hormone in the body that helps move glucose sugar from the blood to muscles and other tissues. Low-density lipoprotein A form of cholesterol that circulates in the blood. Commonly called “bad” cholesterol. Bariatric surgery Surgery on the stomach and/or intestines to help the patient with extreme obesity lose weight. Bariatric surgery is a weight-loss method used for people who have a body mass index BMI above 40. Carbohydrate A major source of energy in the diet. There are two kinds of carbohydrates simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. Glucose A building block for most carbohydrates. Digestion causes carbohydrates to break down into glucose.